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All of GEM’s products are freely available for public good, non-commercial use, but they may have different license restrictions. Open and free distribution of data, models, and tools remains at the core of GEM’s work, further enhancing their availability and accessibility.
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Available Seismic Hazard and Risk Models and Datasets
The gallery or list will show the region, country, or territory that currently has GEM seismic hazard and exposure models based on your search input.
By selecting a region in the global map below, a table will appear to quickly take you to the available resources in that region. You can also use the Search box to look up any specific region, country or territory.
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Product | Short Description | License | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
Active Faults Database | A repository with global homogenised characteristics of active faults | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
Africa Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Alaska Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Alaska | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Arabia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Arabian Peninsula | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Atlas - Global Seismic Hazard Curves | A dynamic web portal and API featuring instant display and download of hazard curves worldwide | Custom license | Dataset |
Australia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Australia | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
Canada Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Canada | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Caribbean & Central America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in the Caribbean and Central America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Caribbean & Central America Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Caribbean & Central America | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Central Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Central Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Central Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Central Asia | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
China Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
China Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for China | Custom license | Model |
Colombia Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
Conterminous US Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for conterminous territories of the United States (including California) | Custom license | Model |
Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles | A collection of seismic risk profiles, summarizing key metrics of risk for most countries/territories in the world at a glance | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
Dominican Republic Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Dominican Republic | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Earthquake Scenario Database | A collection of earthquake footprints and consequences from past events | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
East Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in East Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Europe Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Europe | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Europe Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Europe | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
Global Exposure Model | Comprehensive datasets of the residential, commercial and industrial building stock worldwide | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Global Seismic Hazard Map | Openly accessible global datasets and plots for peak ground acceleration with a return period of 475 years on rock | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Map |
Global Seismic Risk Map | A milestone in global earthquake risk assessment | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Map |
Global Vulnerability Model | Sets of functions to assess the consequences of earthquakes on the built environment of the world | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Hawaii Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Hawaii | Custom license | Model |
India and surroundings Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for India and surrounding territories | AGPL v3.0 | Model |
Indonesia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Indonesia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Japan Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Japan | Custom license | Model |
Mexico Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Mexico | Custom license | Model |
Middle East Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Middle East | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Middle East Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Middle East | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
New Zealand Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for New Zealand | As original | Model |
North America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
North Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
North and South Korea Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Korean Peninsula | Custom license | Model |
Northeast Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northeast Asia | Custom license | Model |
Northern Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northern Africa | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Northwest Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northwest Asia | Custom license | Model |
Oceania Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Oceania | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
OpenQuake Engine | State-of-the-art, open-source software collaboratively developed for earthquake hazard and risk modelling | AGPL v3.0 | Software |
OpenQuake QGIS Plugin | Plugin to drive and visualize OpenQuake engine results in QGIS | AGPL v3.0 | Software |
Pacific Islands Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Pacific Islands | Custom license | Model |
Papua New Guinea Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Papua New Guinea | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
Philippine Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Philippines | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South Africa Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
South Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
South America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in South America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South America Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in South Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Southeast Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Southeast Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Southeast Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Southeast Asia | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Sub-Saharan Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Sub-Saharan Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Taiwan Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Taiwan | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Western Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Western Africa | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Model
Northeast Asia Hazard
License type:
Custom license
The Northeast Asia (NEA) model was developed internally by GEM. The active shallow part of the model is based on the combination of distributed sources and active faults, the latter obtained from the Global Active Fault Database of GEM. As for the case of Northern Africa, we have applied rate redistribution to better represent the spatial variability of seismicity. The deeper portion of the Kamchatka subduction zone was modelled as a combination of complex faults (the subduction interface) and finite ruptures (the slab zone) using the Subduction Toolkit developed by GEM. Border harmonisation of the present model with neighbouring hazard models, particularly with China and EMCA, posed a challenge in developing this model.
Model
Northern Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The open version (v2017.1.0) of the Northern Africa model was developed by GEM and is described in Poggi et al. (2020). The model extends from Morocco to Egypt along the Mediterranean coastline. The model consists of a combination of distributed seismicity and faults sources, the former calibrated on occurrence analysis of publicly available earthquake catalogue information, and the latter derived from a thorough evaluation of information from both geological literature and direct analysis of GPS velocity fields.
Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2017.1.1), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the source IDs.
Model
Northwest Asia Hazard
License type:
Custom license
The Northwest Asia (NWA) model was developed internally by GEM in collaboration with the Swiss Seismological Service (SED), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Switzerland. The model is based on a distributed seismicity approach. We have applied rate redistribution to better represent the spatial variability of seismicity
Model
Oceania Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The Oceania region of the model includes the information pertaining to the following countries/territories:
American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
For the cases of Australia and New Zealand, the exposure model is built upon datasets obtained with collaboration from our partnerships with Geoscience Australia and GNS Science New Zealand. Information about the original data sources can be found in the [documentation](https://docs.openquake.org/global_risk_model/oceania/exposure/data_sources.html)
Software
OpenQuake Engine
License type:
AGPL v3.0
The GEM Foundation aims to combine the main features of state-of-the-art science, global collaboration and buy-in, transparency and openness in an initiative to calculate and communicate earthquake risk worldwide. One of the first steps towards this objective has been the open-source development and release of software for seismic hazard and risk assessment called the OpenQuake engine.
This software comprises a set of calculators capable of computing human or economic losses for a collection of assets, caused by a given scenario event, or by considering the probability of all possible events that might happen within a region within a certain time span. Since its initial release in 2013, the OpenQuake engine remains as one of the most important products released by the GEM Foundation, and it has become the benchmark software for seismic hazard and risk calculations worldwide.
Software
OpenQuake QGIS Plugin
License type:
AGPL v3.0
This plugin allows users to drive OpenQuake Engine calculations of physical hazard and risk, and to load the corresponding outputs as QGIS layers. For those outputs, data visualization tools are provided. The toolkit also enables users to develop composite indicators to measure and quantify social characteristics, and combine them with estimates of human or infrastructure loss. A post-earthquake recovery modeling framework is incorporated into the toolkit, to produce building level and/or community level recovery functions.
Model
Papua New Guinea Hazard
License type:
CC BY 4.0
The model covering Papua New Guinea was developed within a collaboration between the Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory and Geoscience Australia; see Ghasemi et al. (2016). The original construction of the model is compatible with the OpenQuake engine.
Model
Philippine Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The initial version (v2018.0.0) of the seismic hazard model for the Philippines was developed by the jointly by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) in the OpenQuake engine format.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South Africa Financial Loss Model
License type:
Custom license
GEM's South Africa earthquake risk model was generated using the hazard model for South Africa developed by the South Africa Council for Geoscience as the national hazard model, and for input to South Africa building design regulations. The vulnerability and exposure models and data were developed by GEM and cover the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. The risk model may be used to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquake ground shaking. Further technical information can be found in the documentation.
GEM extensively collaborated with its private and public partners to test and validate the model against industry standards in order to produce a new model that represents GEM’s view of risk. The model is available in Oasis and Touchstone formats, as well as through the NASDAQ platform.
Model
South Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The initial version of the model was developed by scientists from the Council for Geoscience, South Africa and the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, India. The model is described by Midzi et al. (2019). The seismic source model was developed using a newly updated catalogue and consists of zones of distributed seismicity, while the ground motion logic tree consists of two existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) derived for active shallow crust. The model was originally created for the OpenQuake engine. The latest openly available version is v2018.0.2.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South America Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Model
Northeast Asia Hazard
License type:
Custom license
The Northeast Asia (NEA) model was developed internally by GEM. The active shallow part of the model is based on the combination of distributed sources and active faults, the latter obtained from the Global Active Fault Database of GEM. As for the case of Northern Africa, we have applied rate redistribution to better represent the spatial variability of seismicity. The deeper portion of the Kamchatka subduction zone was modelled as a combination of complex faults (the subduction interface) and finite ruptures (the slab zone) using the Subduction Toolkit developed by GEM. Border harmonisation of the present model with neighbouring hazard models, particularly with China and EMCA, posed a challenge in developing this model.
Model
Northern Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The open version (v2017.1.0) of the Northern Africa model was developed by GEM and is described in Poggi et al. (2020). The model extends from Morocco to Egypt along the Mediterranean coastline. The model consists of a combination of distributed seismicity and faults sources, the former calibrated on occurrence analysis of publicly available earthquake catalogue information, and the latter derived from a thorough evaluation of information from both geological literature and direct analysis of GPS velocity fields.
Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2017.1.1), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the source IDs.
Model
Northwest Asia Hazard
License type:
Custom license
The Northwest Asia (NWA) model was developed internally by GEM in collaboration with the Swiss Seismological Service (SED), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Switzerland. The model is based on a distributed seismicity approach. We have applied rate redistribution to better represent the spatial variability of seismicity
Model
Oceania Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The Oceania region of the model includes the information pertaining to the following countries/territories:
American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
For the cases of Australia and New Zealand, the exposure model is built upon datasets obtained with collaboration from our partnerships with Geoscience Australia and GNS Science New Zealand. Information about the original data sources can be found in the [documentation](https://docs.openquake.org/global_risk_model/oceania/exposure/data_sources.html)
Software
OpenQuake Engine
License type:
AGPL v3.0
The GEM Foundation aims to combine the main features of state-of-the-art science, global collaboration and buy-in, transparency and openness in an initiative to calculate and communicate earthquake risk worldwide. One of the first steps towards this objective has been the open-source development and release of software for seismic hazard and risk assessment called the OpenQuake engine.
This software comprises a set of calculators capable of computing human or economic losses for a collection of assets, caused by a given scenario event, or by considering the probability of all possible events that might happen within a region within a certain time span. Since its initial release in 2013, the OpenQuake engine remains as one of the most important products released by the GEM Foundation, and it has become the benchmark software for seismic hazard and risk calculations worldwide.
Software
OpenQuake QGIS Plugin
License type:
AGPL v3.0
This plugin allows users to drive OpenQuake Engine calculations of physical hazard and risk, and to load the corresponding outputs as QGIS layers. For those outputs, data visualization tools are provided. The toolkit also enables users to develop composite indicators to measure and quantify social characteristics, and combine them with estimates of human or infrastructure loss. A post-earthquake recovery modeling framework is incorporated into the toolkit, to produce building level and/or community level recovery functions.
Model
Papua New Guinea Hazard
License type:
CC BY 4.0
The model covering Papua New Guinea was developed within a collaboration between the Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory and Geoscience Australia; see Ghasemi et al. (2016). The original construction of the model is compatible with the OpenQuake engine.
Model
Philippine Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The initial version (v2018.0.0) of the seismic hazard model for the Philippines was developed by the jointly by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) in the OpenQuake engine format.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South Africa Financial Loss Model
License type:
Custom license
GEM's South Africa earthquake risk model was generated using the hazard model for South Africa developed by the South Africa Council for Geoscience as the national hazard model, and for input to South Africa building design regulations. The vulnerability and exposure models and data were developed by GEM and cover the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. The risk model may be used to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquake ground shaking. Further technical information can be found in the documentation.
GEM extensively collaborated with its private and public partners to test and validate the model against industry standards in order to produce a new model that represents GEM’s view of risk. The model is available in Oasis and Touchstone formats, as well as through the NASDAQ platform.
Model
South Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The initial version of the model was developed by scientists from the Council for Geoscience, South Africa and the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, India. The model is described by Midzi et al. (2019). The seismic source model was developed using a newly updated catalogue and consists of zones of distributed seismicity, while the ground motion logic tree consists of two existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) derived for active shallow crust. The model was originally created for the OpenQuake engine. The latest openly available version is v2018.0.2.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South America Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
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